Log reduction database - Pulsed light sterilization

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Bibliographic reference and microbial log‑reduction

Database of scientific results obtained with pulsed light sterilization system. Results are often very different and it is dufficult to interpret them. It could be concluded, however, that the power electronic device and the lamp are two important elements in a pulsed light system. Technical parameters of the flash emitted have a strong impact on the results : the duration of the pulse, the specific shape of the electric curve and the peak intensity modify the light spectrum and the germicidal effect. 

Some scientific articles show that researchers have used different number of flashes, and have obtained varying results. 

This database will be updated regularly. It provides an overview of microbial results obtained on different micro‑organisms, depending on the fluence and the number of flashes. 
Germs Treatment media Energy or Fluence Nb of pulses Initial load (log) Reduction (log) References
             
E. coli Water reactor 0.2 J/cm² 1 N.C. 2 A. Wekhof. 1992
E. coli Surface 10 J/cm² 1 N.C. 12 J.M. Boeger et al. 1999
E. coli Water reactor 0.3 J/cm² 1 N.C. 3 A. Kamrukov et al. 1994 & 1997
E. coli Agar 7J 50 5.3 4.7 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
E. coli Agar 3J 512 8.3 6.82 MacGregor et al. 1998
E. coli Agar 3J 200 9.6 6.2 Rowan et al. 1999
E. coli Surface (stainless steel) 0.3 J/cm² 3 to 15 4.4 3.5-3.9 Haughton et al.. 2007
E. coli On Chicken skin and through PET‑PP. 54 µm 1.18 J/cm² 6 to 90 4 0.6-1.2 Haughton et al.. 2007
E. coli On chicken skin and through PVC 25‑26 µm 1.18 J/cm² 6 to 90 4 1.3-1.8 Haughton et al.. 2007
E. coli On chicken skin and through Polyolefin 1.18 J/cm² 6 to 90 4 1.5-1.9 Haughton et al.. 2007
E. coli On Beef carpaccio through PA/PE 60 µm 0.175 J/cm² 4 to 68 3 0.6-1.2 Hierro et al. 2012
E. coli In cider 1.1 J/cm² 1 to 12 5.93 1.49 to 2.32 A. Sauer et al. 2008
E. coli Raspberries 0.4 J/cm² 15 to 180 6 0.4 to 3.9 Bialka and Demirci 2008
E. coli Strawberries 0.36 J/cm² 15 to 180 6 0.9 to 3.3 Bialka and Demirci 2008
Bacillus subtillis Surface 10 J/cm² 1 N.C. 9 A. wekhof. 2000
Bacillus subtilis Surface 0.28 J/cm² 1 N.C. 1 J.M. Boeger et al. 1999
Bacillus subtilis Surface 15.8 J/cm² 3 9 >6 Sonensheim. 2003
Bacillus cereus Agar 7J 50 3.4 >3 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Bacillus cereus Agar 3J 200 8.3 4.9 Rowan et al. 1999
Bacillus cereus (spores) Agar 7J 50 6.3 >5.9 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Bacillus circulans (spores) Agar 7J 50 5.7 3.7 Gomez‑Lopez et al.. 2005
Aspergillus niger Surface 10 J/cm² 1 N.C. 12 A. wekhof. 2000
Aspergillus niger Surface 0.12 J/cm² 1 N.C. 1 J.M. Boeger et al. 1999
Aspergillus niger Saline solution 1J/cm² 5 6 4.8 Wekhof et al.. 2001
Aspergillus niger Surface (PE) 0.0977 J/cm² 10 to 30 3.04-3.08 1.2-1.8 Turtoi and Nicolau. 2007
Aspergillus repens Surface (PE) 0.0977 J/cm² 10 to 30 3.04-3.08 1.1-1.7 Turtoi and Nicolau. 2007
Aspergillus cinnamomeus Surface (PE) 0.0977 J/cm² 10 to 30 3.04-3.08 1.1-2.1 Turtoi and Nicolau. 2007
Cryptosporidium parvum Water reactor 0.25 J/cm² 1 N.C. 4.6 J.M. Boeger et al. 1999
Cryptosporidium parvum Surface 0.25 J/cm² 2 4.5 >4 Huffman et al.. 2000
Poliovirus Water reactor 0.25 J/cm² 1 N.C. 6.2 J.M. Boeger et al. 1999
Poliovirus type 1 Surface 0.25 J/cm² 2 4.5 >4 Huffman et al.. 2000
Rotavirus SA11 Surface 0.25 J/cm² 2 5 >4 Huffman et al.. 2000
Murine norovirus Surface (stainless steel) 0.06 J/cm² 6 5 3.6± 1.2 Jean et al.. 2011
Murine norovirus Surface (PVC) 0.06 J/cm² 6 5 2.3 ± 0.2 Jean et al.. 2011
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Agar 3J 200 8.7 6.8 Rowan et al.. 1999
Pseudomonas fluorescens Agar 7J 50 5.6 4.2 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 1999
Salmonella enteridis Agar 3J 200 9.7 5.6 Rowan et al. 1999
Salmonella enteridis Surface (stainless steel) 0.3 J/cm² 3 to 15 4.6 3.5-3.8 Haughton et al.. 2007
Salmonella enteridis Surface (eggs) 0.5 J/cm² 8 3.66-7.92 >3.66->7.92 J. Dunn. 1996
Salmonella enteridis Agar 0.175-0.7 J/cm² 1 7.6 3.5 to >6.7 E. Hierro et al. 2009
Salmonella enteridis Surface (eggs) 2 to 12 J/cm² 1 6.3 0.21 to 1.85 E. Hierro et al. 2009
Salmonella Raspberries 0.4 J/cm² 15 to 180 6 1 to 3.4 Bialka and Demirci 2008
Salmonella Strawberries 0.36 J/cm² 15 to 180 6 1.1 to 4.3 Bialka and Demirci 2008
Salmonella Surface (eggs) 0,35 J/cm² 1 to 30 6 3.5 to >6 Lasagabaster et al. 2011
Salmonella typhimirium Agar 7J 50 5.4 3.2 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Salmonella typhimirium on chicken breast and through PP 0.37 J/cm² 15 to 180 3.4-4.8 1.2-2.4 Keklik et al. 2010
Salmonella typhimurium On Beef carpaccio through PA/PE 60 µm 0.175 J/cm² 4 to 68 3 0.3-1 Hierro et al. 2012
Klebsiella oxytoca Agar 7J 50 5.1 4.2 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Klebsiella terrigena Surface 0.25 J/cm² 2 5.5 >7 Huffman et al. 2000
Photobacterium phosphoreum Agar 7J 50 4.8 >4.4 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Staphylococcus spp Surface 10 J/cm² 1 N.C. 12 A. wekhof. 2000
Staphylococcus aureus Agar 3J 200 9.4 5.1 Rowan et al. 1999
Staphylococcus aureus Agar 7J 50 5.5 >5.1 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Staphylococcus aureus Liquid 16.8 J/cm² 5 7 to 8 7.5 Krishnamurthy et al. 2004
Clostridium perfringens Agar 7J 50 3.3 >2.9 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Listeria monocytogenes Agar 7J 50 5 2.8 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Listeria monocytogenes Agar 3J 200 9.4 4.4 Rowan et al. 1999
Listeria monocytogenes Agar 3J 512 8.38 6.25 MacGregor et al. 1998
Listeria monocytogenes On chicken frankfurters and through PP 0.37 J/cm² 15 to 180 5 to 6 0.8-1.9 Keklik et al. 2010
Listeria monocytogenes On PE through PE 12µm 0.175 J/cm² 1 to 2 6.4 4.9-5.5 Fernandez et al. 2009
Listeria monocytogenes On PA/PE/Vynil through PA/PE/vinyl 0.175 J/cm² 1 to 2 6.4 5.1-5.5 Fernandez et al. 2009
Listeria monocytogenes On PA/PE through PA/PE 60 µm 0.175 J/cm² 1 to 2 6.4 5.3-5.5 Fernandez et al. 2009
Listeria monocytogenes On Beef carpaccio through PA/PE 60 µm 0.175 J/cm² 4 to 68 3 0.3-0.9 Hierro et al. 2012
Listeria innocua Surface (stainless steel) 0.89 J/cm² 1 to 3 6.3 2.97-3.59 Woodling and Moraru. 2005
Listeria innocua Surface (LDPE) 0.67 J/cm² 1 to 12 7.9 1.9-7.1 Ringus and Moraru. 2013
Listeria innocua Surface (HDPE) 0.67 J/cm² 1 to 12 7.9 1.7-7.2 Ringus and Moraru. 2013
Listeria innocua Surface (EP) 0.67 J/cm² 1 to 12 7.9 1-3.5 Ringus and Moraru. 2013
Listeria innocua Surface (MET) 0.67 J/cm² 1 to 12 7.9 1-4.4 Ringus and Moraru. 2013
Listeria innocua Surface (TR) 0.67 J/cm² 1 to 12 7.9 1.1-4.5 Ringus and Moraru. 2013
Listeria innocua LDPE through LDPE 0.67 J/cm² 1 to 12 7.9 >2 - >6 Ringus and Moraru. 2013
Botrytis cinerea Agar 7J 1500 6 3 Marquenie et al.. 2003
Monilia fructigena Agar 7J 1500 6 4 Marquenie et al.. 2003
Saccharomyces cerevisia Potassium phosphate buffer 0.7J/cm² 5 7 6 Takeshita et al. 2003
Saccharomyces cerevisia Agar 3J 100 8.4 3.7 Rowan et al.. 1999
Saccharomyces cerevisia Bead 0.17 J/cm² 100 8.42 0.7 Fine and Gervais 2003
Saccharomyces cerevisia Surface (Quartz) 0.24-0.43 J/cm² 100 7.3 1 to 2 Fine and Gervais 2003
Candida lambica Agar 7J 50 3.4 2.8 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Agar 7J 50 3.2 >2.8 Gomez‑Lopez et al. 2005
Cladosporium herbarum Surface (PE) 0.0977 J/cm² 10 to 30 3.04-3.08 1.1-2.7 Turtoi and Nicolau. 2007
Campylobacter jejuni Surface (stainless steel) 0.3 J/cm² 3 2.9 2.9 Haughton et al.. 2007
Acyclobacillus acidoteris 10 mm thick – pure sugar syrup 1.5 J/cm² 1 5 to 6 ~3.1 Chaine et al. 2012
Acyclobacillus acidoteris 3 mm thick – pure sugar syrup 1.5 J/cm² 1 5 to 6 ~3.8 Chaine et al. 2012
Acyclobacillus acidoteris 3 mm thick – industrial sugar syrup 1.86 J/cm² 1 5 to 6 3 Chaine et al. 2012
G. stearothermophillus 4 mm thick – industrial sugar syrup 1.86 J/cm² 1 5 to 6 ~4 Chaine et al. 2012